Developmental Theories and Family Work Models

Question: Discuss about theDevelopmental Theories and Family Work Models. Answer: Introduction It is worth noting that social interaction is crucial to the society as there is mutual understanding and commendable benefits reaped from the process. The social work as a subject goes further to elaborate various element of interaction and their purpose in the community. In an art shell, analyzing developmental theories and collaborative family work model is critical. Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Piaget theory on cognitive development focuses on the observable feature that is evident during the growing of a child. To assist in the comprehension of development in children and young people, Piaget narrowed the subject by providing terms that described several processes of growth. Schemata are generally the concepts that are mental based (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). That is, as children are exposed to areas where they can receive new information, they are efficiently molding and organizing their mental capabilities. Adaptation is a term basically used to explain the organization of minds by the children as they go on with perceptions in their environmental settings. Information arising from their invention is properly absorbed and helps them deepen their cognitive abilities (Johnson, McWilliams, Goodman, Shelley Piper, 2016). If new information is provided to children, there is a possibility that imbalance will be experienced, and they are bound to get confused as they as they ap proach several lanes of growth. To ensure that balance is maintained adaptation is acknowledged through either accommodation or assimilation (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). By assimilation is to mean, adding new information to what the child already knows. Accommodation is the ladder on which intellectual capacity is developed. It entails the adjustment of what the person already knows to fit the new information. Piagets theory encompasses four stages of development that are significant to the understanding of children progressive life that is gradual in nature. Sensor motor stage occurs in between birth and the age of two years (Demetriou, Shayer Efklides, 2016). At this stage, there is the utilization of explorations thus leading to strengthened motor and sensory developments, which paves way for mental development. At this stage, they attempt to practice their abilities through physical actions such as grasping and sucking. Furthermore, movements are seen to be random but as the time goes, they become intentional. The preoperational stage takes place between the age of two and seven (Demetriouet al., 2016). At this time, the children are egocentric. This means that they seem to assume that people value and see the nature the same way as they do. In addition, they do not have time to accommodate the ideas of others. On the other hand, skills based on presentation are learned. They are also able to learn new; languages, drawing, and symbolic play. Moreover, children are able to differentiate between shape and size. Concrete operations stage begins between the ages of seven to eleven years. While at this stage children are become more informed and begin to think critically when referring to the particular objects. They are not dependent on what was seen in the past because their level of internalizing things has developed. Formal operations stage is attained from the age of eleven years to adulthood (Demetriou et al., 2016). At such a stage individuals are capable of thinking critically and purely and reasoning and problem-solving skills are evident at this stage. Eriksons Psychosocial Theory This theory suggests that development takes place throughout the life of an individual. The interaction, personality, and skills of the children are developed depending on the social setting (Syed, 2015). The theory has led to the emergence of Eriksons eight stages of development. Due to the fact that each of these stages is faced with conflicts that can be solved, teachers and parents are supposed to provide support to the children if need be to prevents the conflict from worsening. Trust versus mistrust stage occurs during the first one and half years of life (Syed, 2015). At this juncture, the children need to be loved, kept clean, and provided with attentive care. Mistrust comes in when the environment is harsh and unpredictable. Freedom versus doubt and shame stage happens between the age of eighteen months and three years. At this stage, the children learn to walk and exercise their mental skills. They demand the freedom to feed, clothe and move by them. If the supportive environment is provided, their autonomy is exercised, failure to which shame and self-doubt arise (Syed, 2015).Initiative versus guilt stage comes in between three and five years. The children develop new skills and proper ways of dealing with different people in the society taking caution not to hurt anyone. Industry and inferiority stage is experienced between six and twelve years. The children are hardworking following the motivation is given by the members of the community. Poor treatment by teachers and other stakeholders impacts negatively on the children yielding frustrations, incompetence, and state of insecurity. Identity versus role confusion is the teenage stage whereby the teenagers are faced with adolescence and in an effort to identify themselves. If offered with the freedom to explore different social avenues, these individuals can realize themselves. Intimacy and isolation stage entails engaging in a serious relationship that is believed to be worthwhile (Hart, 2013). Failure to form intimate relationship leads to isolation and broken hearts. Generativist versus stagnation stage is experienced when the individual attempts to gauge the success and failures. At such a time the person is willing to help the society which collectively leads to generativists. For the self-centered people, a sense of stagnation is created due to low and poor productivity. Ego integrity versus despair stage occurs as people tend toward the end of life (Hart, 2013). Those who achieved a lot of success and supported others are full of a sense of ego integrity while those who wasted their time doing nothing end up with a feeling of despair. Application of Piaget and Erikson theory to Social Work Practice with Young People, Families and Children. The society strictly observes all the above-mentioned stages of development and ensures balance is maintained at all levels. Children growing at the infancy and toddler stage develop their cognitive skills, by the way of touch and taste (Bornstein Bradley, 2014). Therefore, it is not logic for the community to offer enough space for exploration due to the harsh consequences that might arise. The children end up eating and drinking anything they come across thereby proper control is upheld to ensure a healthy and safe society. The children and the young people are exposed to a free environment for talents exposure that enables them to pursue in life (Bornstein Bradley, 2014). On the other hand, there is the provision of cultural education to the children so that as they grow, they should be able to have self-respect. Developing self-respect enables someone to respect others hence those demanding stages of development are cautiously exercised. For instance, the puberty stage leaves many young adults distressed as a result of unwanted pregnancy and drug abuse (Lantolf, Thorne, Poehner, 2015). The society maintains that with right education on norms and cultures, right behavior is adopted. The Families are equipped with the knowledge of handling the young with the father and mother dictating the direction of their children. Due to different rates of growth, there is the need for close monitoring of the children to prevent them from moral decay and atrocities in the community (Lantolf et al., 2015. Since the child is capable of learning from observation family members should exercise positive thinking and the right approach to doing things to ensure the correct actions are copied and pasted into the childrens minds. In short, by exhaustively practicing the fore mentioned theories and integrating the m with traditions and cultures of the society, healthy living will be highly appreciated. GroupTheories of Development, Important Factors to Social Work and their Applicability Every social set up must recognize the observance of social standards crucial to guide the behavior of the individuals. Sigmund Freuds theory of morality principle pinpoints the internalized social values that allow people to differentiate between wrong and good (Nelson, Goodfriend, 2014). Therefore, morality is a key factor towards a healthy living in the society. Social work appreciates the controlled behavior of the infants to contain vices that might arise as a result of the oral stage by Freud. Sucking and eating may lead to oral fixation by the children thereby exposing them to overeating, thumb-sucking, and smoking (Nelson, Goodfriend, 2014). Since the moral values of social work heavily oppose such vices, it becomes critical induce control over the issue. Social work operates in a clean environment. Anal stage by Freud indicates that too much pressure to toilet training brings a sense of cleanliness in future while little pressure may result in destructive behaviors. Jean Piaget view on cognitive development brings in the attention towards an understanding society (Ramakrishnan, Barker, Vervoordt, Zhang, 2017). In several instances, teachers and parents have been involved in beat to death cases with their children due to the misunderstanding growing between them. By comprehending that childrens reasoning grows with age, it is a remedy to chaos and quarrels arising in the families today. Industrious society can be achieved if at all children are granted the care they need during growth (Parkay, Anctil, Hass, 2014). Erikson noted that at the age of six to eleven years, children tend to portray hard work and at the same time inferiority may be experienced. There is the essence of following the requirements of this stage to avoid mental imbalances by motivating and appreciating th e children (Crain, 2015). The family can teach the young adults how to engage in an intimate relationship through civil education. Alerting them to the importance of an upright intimacy will enable them to be selective and make the right choices of partners, hence building their lives positively. In short, all the developmental theories are important and should be exercised to enhance productivity and growth of the society. Elements of Collaborative Family Work Model Collaborative family work model is basically a developmental forum focusing on the importance of cooperation in enabling families to formulate strategies and acquire skills necessary to improve their lives. Understanding the elements of collaborative family work model is critical to social work (Madsen, 2014). To begin, implementation of programs and policies that offer financial and emotional support to the familys needs are essential. Not all the families have the potential to sustain themselves irrespective of the wealth and their backgrounds (Cohn White, 2012). Therefore, the program ensures coming together of all the stakeholders to assist one another to keep the society going. Encouraging family to family networking entails harmony between family members to create a mutual benefit in the long run. Sharing of unbiased information with the parents on a continuous basis is important. This implies that young adults and children are bound to get support to cope with life issues if they are open to not only their parents but also other family members. Comprehending the developmental needs of the teenagers, children, and infants also ensure proper growth of these individuals (Regina, 2011). Respecting various methods of coping and recognition of individualism and family strengths is essential. Acknowledging the ethnic, cultural and racial aspects of the families also becomes a key concern. The contribution of Collaborative family work model in guiding social work interventions with families. To begin, the discrimination of families on ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds needs to be avoided. The model appreciates all the families and that they are equal hence by combining effort, the society can propel forward. The aspect respecting capabilities and strengths of different members of the family is critical (Jung, 1991). For instance, car washing, welding, and plumbing might be assumed to be jobs for the poorly educated but the fact remains that those individuals are earning out of their hard work. Therefore, there is no need to neglect such members of the society. The model appreciation of the development of the infants and the young adults becomes a primary issue in the families. Provision of sanitary towels to girls speaks more of a healthy environment than a situation where these ladies are left on their own. Insisting on the family networking still, has positive impacts that are experienced up to date (Hartman Laid, 1983). Social work also encourages members of the community to uphold togetherness to help curb problems of insufficiency. On the basis of financial support, the social work intervenes to ensure families engage in sharing more so during the time of need (Madsen, 2014). There exist externalities such as diseases and deaths of family members that leave families financially unstable. Therefore, there is the need for coming together and support one another for a fruitful living. Conclusion Conclusively, the developmental theories are crucial to the understanding of the children and their levels of growth. In addition, the caregivers are equipped with the knowledge necessary to allow them to provide extra support to the future generation. The collaborative family work model highlights the entire significant elements be practiced by any given family to ensure reaping of the benefits at the personal level and the community at large. References Bornstein, M. H., Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014).Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. (375-378) Cohn, O. White, C. (2012). Bringing Systems Thinking to Life expanding the horizons for Bowen Family Systems Theory. ONLINE ACCESS (302-308) Crain, W. (2015).Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press. (87-91) Decker, C. A. (1990).Children--the Early Years. Goodheart-Willcox Company. (75-93) Demetriou, A., Shayer, M., Efklides, A. (Eds.). (2016).Neo-Piagetian Theories of Cognitive Development: Implications and Applications for Education. Routledge. (18-26) Hart, R. A. (2013).Children's participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. Routledge. (12-35) Hartman, A. Laid, J. (1983). Family Centered Social Work Practice. From Library. (18-30) Johnson, J. L., McWilliams, K., Goodman, G. S., Shelley, A. E., Piper, B. (2016). Basic Principles of Interviewing the Child Eyewitness. InForensic Interviews Regarding Child Sexual Abuse(pp. 179-195). Springer International Publishing. Jung, M. (1991). Family Centered Practice.Families in Society. v. 77(9). (522-523) Lantolf, J. P., Thorne, S. L., Poehner, M. E. (2015). Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, 207-226. Madsen.W. (2014). Applications of Collaborative Helping Maps: Supporting Professional Development, Supervision and work in Teams in Family-Centered Practice.Family Process. V53 (1). pp 3-21. Nelson, K., Goodfriend, W. (2014). Special Features Conducting Psychological Analysis: Dramatic.Journal Contents,19(2), 23-25. Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. (339-445) Ramakrishnan, S., Barker, C. D., Vervoordt, S., Zhang, A. (2017). Rethinking Cross-Cultural Adaptability Using Behavioral Developmental Theory: An Analysis of Different Migrant Behaviors. (122-125) Regina, W. (2011). Applying Family Systems theory to mediation: A Practitioners guide. ONLINE ACCESS. (115-119) Syed, M. (2015). Emerging Adulthood: Developmental Stage, Theory, or Nonsense?The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood, (11-25)

Conservation of the Table Mountain Ghost Frog Essay Example

Conservation of the Table Mountain Ghost Frog Essay A researched examination into the critically endangered frog species, Heleophryne rosei, with specific regard to its habitat, ecology and population. In addition to the various threats this species faces and conservation actions implemented to safe–guard its remaining numbers. L. S. Maistry 212510816 Department of Life Sciences , University of KwaZulu – Natal, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa . Submitted: 19 August 2013The focus of this assignment is a researched exploration into the existence of the critically endangered frog species, Heleophryne rosei, or as it is commonly referred to, the Table Mountain ghost frog (Minter et al 2004). Particular attention shall be paid to describing its habitat, ecology and population. Furthermore, the threats encountered by the species in addition to conservation methods implemented to safeguard its already severely declining numbers and the various implicit consequences of this , will be discusse d.The class Amphibia is an extremely fascinating and diverse one and has over the centuries astounded and intrigued not only the scientific community but society at large (Attenborough 2008). Amphibians are ectothermic, biphasic, tetrapods (Auerbach 1987). Their integral role in the ecosystem and various food webs is most certainly undeniable (Campbell et al 2011). From a taxonomic standpoint, frogs are a varied group of typically short, tailless Amphibians composing the order Anura (Auerbach 1987).More specifically, the species of concern to this particular assignment, the Table Mountain ghost frog, further belongs to the family Heleophrynidae (Caldwell et al 1993). This spectacular yet highly elusive frog species , resemble other Heleophryne species in terms of their morphologies , with specific respect to their body shapes , posture , elongated limbs and large , highly webbed and adhesive fingers and toes (Channing 2001) . In contrast with other species within this family, the Ta ble Mountain ghost frog differs in that it has an enlarged thumb-like inner metacarpal tubercle (Duellman; Trueb 1986).Also it does not possess a transverse band through the eye (Caldwell et al 1993). Further, the dorsum is green in colour with a dark maroon to purple mottling (De Villiers). Additionally, in terms of identification, the ventrum possesses a typically a pinkish-white shading, especially on the undersides of the limbs which itself has a particularly granular texture (Channing 2001). Adults range in approximate size from 50 mm for males to 63 mm for females, given in terms of snout-vent length (Poynton 1960).These morphological characteristics have enabled the Table Mountain ghost frog to fully exploit its various ecological niches in addition to best surviving and adapting to its conditions and habitat (De Villiers 1997). This species in particular, occupies a highly restricted range with a documented extent of occurrence being recorded at approximately 7-8 km? (Passmo re; Carruthers 1995). It is endemic to the southern and eastern slopes of Table Mountain which is situated in the Western Cape, South Africa (Channing 2001).The Table Mountain ghost frog is known to inhabit streams and moist, forested gorges (De Villiers 1997). Through careful observation, it has been noted that some non-breeding, adult members of the species occupy caves and have been found in narrow rock crevices (Power; Rose 1929). Morphological adaptations, as afore mentioned have led to the colonisation of such habitats by this species. Their highly webbed toes, with suction-like feet enable it to climb rocky, vertical facing slopes and easily navigate fast flowing streams (Channing 2001). Whilst it’s compressed, squat body enables it to hide in small crevices.The species lives in forest and vynbos heathlands whilst breeding in gorges, valleys and ravines on Table Mountain (Minter et al 2004). As the tadpoles of this species require in excess of a year to undergo metamor phosis it has proved imperative that there is perennial water to facilitate this development and general reproductive success (Passmore; Carruthers 1995). Unfortunately, the Table Mountain ghost frog’s numbers are in a state of perpetual declining (De Villiers 1997), this is due to a number of various factors which shall be discussed further within the contents of this assignment.Due to its general rarity and further elusive behaviour, in addition to the fact that this species is far from highly distributed, the accurate studying of population numbers and trends has proved difficult for herpetologists (Goombridge 1994). Gravid females have been noted during the period of October through December whilst advertisement calls have been heard during the month of December which coincides with the lower level and slower tides experienced during this period (De Villiers 1997). The close observations of ot only the Table Mountain ghost frog, but also weather and hydrological condition s have enabled populations to be better studied. Despite being situated in a protected natural environment, the Table Mountain ghost frog still faces numerous threats to its already diminishing populations (Channing 2001). Due to the nature of the location of the area its endemic to, human disturbance is a key threat. Table Mountain is situated within the bustling, epicenter of the metropolitan city of Cape Town, in addition to which it is a major eco-tourism location (Poynton 1960).Human disturbance is thus almost inevitable and so too is the subsequent introduction of disease (De Villiers 1997). Erosion is another substantial threat the species faces. Erosion would be most likely as a result of alien vegetation, the high levels of pedestrian foot traffic the area experiences as a result of being such a tourist hot spot as well as over grazing (Minter et al 2004). This all reduces run-off and stream flow which pose dire consequences for the species and their water dependent reprodu ction habits and tadpoles (Channing 2001).A further threat faced is the occurrence of too frequent fires and poor forestry practices, which leads to streams becoming blocked with sediment (Minter et al 2004). Water flow is further restricted with the construction of dams and reservoirs for human use (Morris; Camino 2010). In fairly recent times, global warming has become yet another monumental threat to the Table Mountain ghost frog’s numbers as reduced rainfall as a result may lead to a further loss of perennial streams, once more posing severe threats to the population numbers (Minter et al 2004).Also in recent years, a serious fungal disease strain, known as, chytridiomycosis has been found in some species of this already critically endangered species (Hyatt et al 2007). This particular fungal infection , which attacks the sensitive skin of the species which is essential to their respiration and thus survival, has been known to lead to dramatic declines in amphibian number s in very short periods of time (Hyatt et al 2007).In terms of conservation, several measures have been established to best ensure population numbers may be kept as stable as possible, as is very evident complete extinction of this marvelous species is indeed a reality (De Villiers 1997). Especially since local extinction has occurred in some parts of Table Mountain (Channing 2001). It has been estimated that the number of tadpoles in Skeleton gorge (an area the species has long been associated with) has decreased by 50 % since 1980 (Hyatt et al 2007).The range of the Table Mountain ghost frog is included within the Table Mountain National Park and Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, which in itself is incorporated into the Cape Floristic World Heritage Site (Minter et al 2004). The species is monitored by the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board as a part of the threatened species program (Lips 1998). In addition Cape Nature carefully monitors the species, with particular att ention being afforded to erosion and alien vegetation control and the regulation and maintenance of perennial stream flow (Gascon et al 2007).It is hoped the rigid implementation of these measures may assist in regulating the rapidly diminishing populations of the Table Mountain ghost frog (Minter et al 2004). As always, increasing knowledge of the status of the Table Mountain ghost frog and the various conservation efforts in place, amongst the general public is a most imperative step in protecting is populations and generating awareness of its plight (De Villiers 1997). The loss of this species would not only be detrimental in terms of biodiversity but the ramifications of such would be far reaching in terms of its effect on food webs in the area (Gascon et al 2007).In conclusion, after a detailed exploration into the habitat, ecology, population and even morphology of the elusive Table Mountain ghost frog a true appreciation for this elusive species may be attained. Such interest in this species is vital considering its current status being at the critically endangered level. After an analysis of the threats this species face, which was discussed through the contents of this assignment, the severity of the reality the table Mountain Ghost frog are confronted with is indeed daunting.One may hope the conservation efforts implemented would suffice to bring this magnificent creature from the brink of total extinction. ATTENBOROUGH, D. 2008. Between the water and land. In: Life in cold blood, pp. 41-43. Princeton University Press, London. AUERBACH, R. D. 1987. Herpetology. In: Amphibians and reptiles of Botswana, pp. 2-6. Mokwepa Consultants, Republic of Botswana. CALDWELL, J. P. , VITT, L. J. amp; ZUG, G. R. 1993. Anura. In: Herpetology-An introductory biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd edn, pp 69-371. Academic Press, New York. CAMPBELL, N. A. , REECE J. B. , URRY, L. A. , CAIN, M. L. , WASSERMAN, S. A. , MINORSKY, P. V. amp; JACKSON, R. B. 2007. Amphibian s. In: Essential biology, 3rd edn, pp. 362-364. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, United States of America. CAMPBELL, N. A. , REECE J. B. , URRY, L. A. , CAIN, M. L. , WASSERMAN, S. A. , MINORSKY, P. V. amp; JACKSON, R. B. 2011. Amphibians. In: Biology, 9th edn, pp. 758 – 761. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, United States of America. CHANNING, A. 2001.Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Cornell University Press, London. DE VILLIERS, A. L. 1997. Monitoring the distribution and conservation status of threatened amphibians in the South Western Cape. In: Proceedings of the Third H. A. A. Symposium on African Herpetology, pp. 142-148. Herpetological Association of Africa, Stellenbosch. DUELLMAN, W. E. amp; TRUEB, L. 1986. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill, New York. GASCON, C. , COLLINS, J. P. MOORE, R. D. , CHURCH, D. R. , McKAY, J. E. amp; MENDELSON III, J.R. (2007) Amphibian Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC. Amphibian Specialist Group, Cambridge. GOOMBRIDGE, B. (ed. ) 1994. 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. HYATT, A. D. , BOYLE, D. G. amp; Olsen V. 2007. Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73: 175–192. LIPS, K. R. 1998. Decline of tropical montane amphibian fauna. Conservation biology 12:106-117 MEMERING, D. 1989. Organizing research writing.In: The Prentice Hall guide to Research writing, 2nd edn, pp 205 -245. Prentice Hall Int, United States of America. MINTER, L. R. , BURGER, M. , HARRISON, J. A. , BRAACK. , BISHOP, P. J. amp; KLOEPFER, D. (eds) 2004. Atlas and Red Data book of the frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SI/MAB biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. MORRIS, J. amp; CAMINO, M. 2010. Economic assessment of Freshwater, Wetland and Floodplain ecosystem services. UK National Ecosystem Assessment, Cranfield University, Cranfield.PASSMORE, N. I. amp; CARRUTHERS, V. C. 1995. South African Frogs. 2 nd Edition. Southern Book Publishers and Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. POWER, H. J. amp; ROSE. W. 1929. Notes on the habits and life-histories of some Cape Peninsula Anura. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 14:405-442 POYNTON, J. C. 1960. The Amphibia of Southern Africa. Ph. D. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. ___________________________________________________________________

kites essays

kites essays Kites have been around for centuries and have been used for many purposes from recreation to warfare. They soar high in the sky with beautiful patterns and wonderful ease. However, there is a lot that goes into the ease and grace of kites in order to make them fly like birds. Kites gave us the balloon, the glider, and the airplane and have captivated the hearts of the young and the old for centuries. Kites have brought pleasure to numerous builders and fliers of any age, occupation, and country. Kites were originally from Asia and are thought to be invented in China over three thousand years ago. The name kite means a graceful bird of prey. Supposedly the Chinese military used to attach bamboo pipes to the kites. When the wind passed through the kites it would create a noise, which would cause the troops to flee. There are many rituals that involve kites, most of which are religious. The Chinese build kites to represent dragons, which represent Chinese folklore. In Malaysia, kites flying over a house at night are believed to keep away evil spirits(Baker 8). In Korea, when a child is born, his or her name is inscribed onto a kite and let into the wind. Supposedly, the evil spirits and bad luck fly away with the kite. Moreover, kites were used in warfare. People in Asia flew materials over bodies of water, such as ropes, in order to build bridges. Large kites could even lift humans, which meant they could be used in warfare(Baker 8). In 169 B.C. it is said that a Chinese general sent soldiers on kites to observe how long a tunnel would need to be to reach the city walls. Old Japanese prints show archeries suspended from kites shooting down at the enemy beneath(Baker 8). Kites were also useful in World War II. Rafts were equipped with box kites (Gibson Girl) that had radio antennas so that they could send out S.O.S. signals. Kites did not attract serious attention until the 1...

Issues Connected with Working in Facebook Term Paper

Issues Connected with Working in Facebook - Term Paper Example Facebook is a well-known company regarding the technology sector. The well-known social networking platform provided by Facebook has become much of a success. As a company, it employs staff members to continue with the operations of the company.   The working conditions in the company with the viewpoint of an employee of a company are discussed and explained. The issues arising in the company regarding the working conditions are highlighted and explained. The culture of the company that is to be adopted by the employees is exclaimed and realized so as to determine their effects upon working as an employee on Facebook. The daily routines are elaborated along with the issues that the employees face upon a daily basis. The company’s temperament regarding the position of its employees in the company and how it treats them are explained where the culture of issues relating to the management of employees are discussed as well. Detailed analysis of the key issues highlighted in the videos is explained in the context of relevant theories and theoretical perspectives so as to determine the issues in detail and in depth. The company is constantly in operation twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week so as to provide the product to its company. Obviously, the teams work in shifts and have different routines. The company works hard for providing the users of its products with a continuing improved interface so as to attract potential users and existing stakeholders. The pressure upon the employees is intense so as to continue with the development and research regarding the perception of the users (Matthew, 2008). The interfaces designed are to facilitate the user in various manners where the access and easy operation along with the management of the parts of the product is aimed. The employees of the company are extremely focused upon improving the user interface technique and are continuously in the discussion for the issue.  

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History - Essay Example Therefore, there was no distinction between civilians and military officers. The world at that time was experiencing an era of technological advancement. Nuclear weapons were dominantly used. The zenith of this was a nuclear attack by troops of the US in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These nuclear attacks led culminated in catastrophic effects in the attacked places. The effects still continue to be felt. In Japan, for example, 7 generations have passed since Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed. Genealogies of the bomb attack victims have side effects of the nuclear weapons to date. This just shows how the World War II was detrimental to the lives of many.One phenomenon that always arises with the mention of the World War II is the Holocaust. This denotes the widespread massacre of Jews by the Nazi army of Adolf Hitler the German dictator at that time1. The war ended on September 2, 1945 with the subsequent creation of the League of Nations which was later christened the United Nations. The US and Russia emerged as the world’s superpowers. This essay will tackle the nature of the people during this infamous war. It will analyze whether the nature was good or bad. Finally, it will illustrate the affect the nature had on the politics, economy and religion of the world. Christopher Browning’s book, Ordinary Men best illustrates the phenomenal nature in this infamous war. It gives evidence about the perpetrators of the Holocaust and the effects of the war. Browning notes that the draftees of the Holocaust were simply ordinary men who were not necessarily evil. They were only obliging to the demands of one Adolf Hitler. They were not evil at all he notes. For example, we are told that o June 12, 1942 one commanding officer in the Nazi army is ordered to kill all able bodied Jewish males in the city of Josefow in Poland. He did not intend to do this, but had to follow orders. The book tells of one commander, Wilhelm Trapp who gave his me n an option of executing the Jews or not doing it. We are informed that only twelve soldiers went ahead and executed the Jews, but about 500 of them did not. This explains that in most soldiers, behind the obligatory roles lay the human character. One that was compassionate and ready to forgive. Browning then reveals in his books about subsequent events that lead to the Holocaust. We are told that in the city of Hamburg, in 1943, about 38000 Jews were shot dead mercilessly while about 45000 of them were thrown to gas chambers. The holocaust had begun. The author explains how ordinary German men graduate and become murderers2. We are left to wonder what went wrong of all these men. A few months changed them. Hitler had cultivated a culture of hate in them. They simply hated Jews for no apparent reason. They actions were not justified at all. Millions of Jews lost their innocent lives in cold blood. The Nazi soldiers became brutal beings. The Germans in the early parts of the war were very aggressive in nature. They managed to conquer most parts in the war. The international community stayed put and mum about the Nazi killings. This can be attributed to the fact that, in the early parts, the Germans were heavily endowed in technology. They took the world by storm with their warfare tanks, armored vehicles and military planes referred to as torpedoes. Their innovative nature contributed to their success in the early exchanges. Success

1984. vs. Animal Farm Essay Example for Free

1984. vs. Animal Farm Essay 1984 vs. Animal Farm George Orwell, the man behind two best-selling novels; 1984 and Animal Farm, follows the idea that the establishment of an elite power in a society produces hopelessness and fear. George Orwell is an author commonly known for his politically influenced works regarding socialism. In Animal Farm, Orwell portrayed an uprise of the farm animals overthrowing their master, Mr. Jones. Two pigs led the animals in this rebellion; their names were Snowball and Napoleon. The two pigs engaged in a political struggle, as both of them wanted to have the power to lead all of the animals. In 1984, Orwell describes a society that is completely under totalitarian control, as the dictatorship of big brother and his party in Oceania rule over the population with rigid laws and a distinct hierarchy of social position. Winston Smith, a blue-collar outer party member, is secretly discontent with his life. As Smith becomes more and more rebellious, his party intervenes and forces him to rehabilitate and conform to their ideals. In George Orwells 1984 and Animal Farm, the idea of individuality and free thought is eliminated in order to preserve a spot for a higher and more authorative power. Individuality is taken from the characters in both of the novels, Animal Farm and 1984. In 1984, the outer party is blind to the reality that their lives are being completely controlled. An example of this ignorance is when the outer party is told that their chocolate rations had been increased, when in actuality the rations had been reduced the week prior. The party’s successful assault on the individuality of its members led to happiness amongst the leaders and a gain in power. In Animal Farm, Orwell displayed the idea that a simple mental state of mind can easily be manipulated. The pigs controlled the animals and made them believe that everything they said was correct. The pigs proved this theory when they repeatedly changed the  seven commandments. When they were questioned, they reported to the animals that the â€Å"laws† had always been in their changed condition. Napoleon uses the terror brought on by the dogs to rule the farm and none of the animals realize it. Both the party and the pigs demonstrated that it is possible to abolish individuality and force people to live the life that is placed before them. George Orwell successfully portrayed the lives of people who were under complete tolitarian control in the books Animal Farm and 1984. The pigs and the party were able to gain control over their commoners by using manipulation and fear. Orwell shows the reader that it is easy to be taken advantage of in these two novels.

Kerouac’s Spontaneous Prose and the Post-War Avant-Garde Essay

Kerouac’s Spontaneous Prose and the Post-War Avant-Garde My title comes from one of Kerouac’s own essays, â€Å"Aftermath: The Philosophy of the Beat Generation,† which he published in Esquire in March 1958. In it, he identifies the Beats as subterranean heroes who’d finally turned from the ‘freedom’ machine of the West and were taking drugs, digging bop, having flashes of insight, experiencing the ‘derangement of the senses,’ talking strange, being poor and glad, prophesying a new style for American culture, a new style (we thought) completely free from European influences (unlike the Lost Generation), a new incantation. (Kerouac, â€Å"Aftermath† 47) Kerouac’s â€Å"new style for American culture† was the spontaneous prose method he developed in 1952, a dazzling fusion of the colloquial and the literary that utilized stylistic strategies drawn from movies, comic strips, pulp fiction, and jazz. But, fifty years on, Kerouac’s stylistic brilliance has still not been fully recognized. His reputation still rests, unfortunately, on his two most commercial novels, On the Road and The Dharma Bums. Neither of these novels is spontaneous prose. One version of On the Road was, indeed, written in a three week period on a 100 foot scroll of teletype paper, but Kerouac developed spontaneous prose after this famous scroll experiment; furthermore, the version of On the Road that was finally published in 1957 had been significantly revised several more times in the intervening years (Hunt 1). As Kerouac said in a 1968 interview, â€Å"In the days of Malcolm Cowley, with On the Road and The Dharma Bums, I had no power to stand by my style for better or worse. When Malcolm Cowley made endless revisions... ...ris Review. New York: The Modern Library, 1999. ---. Selected Letters, 1940-1956. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. --- Selected Letters, 1957-1969. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Landau, Ellen. Jackson Pollock . New York: Abrams, 1989. MacAdams, Lewis. Birth of the Cool: Beat, Bebop, and the American Avant-Garde. New York: The Free Press, 2001. Mackey, Nathaniel. â€Å"Other: From Noun to Verb.† The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. Ed. R.G. O’Meally. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Miles, Barry. Jack Kerouac, King of the Beats: A Portrait. New York: Henry Holt, 1998. Rosenthal, David. Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music, 1955-1965. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Stone, Robert. â€Å"American Dreamers: Melville and Kerouac.† Beat Down to Your Soul. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin, 2001.